Daily Quiz

Solution (b)
Explanation:
• Kaizen is a Japanese term that means “change for better” or “continuous improvement.” It involves the philosophy of ongoing, incremental improvements in all functions of an organization.
• Kaizen is applied extensively in manufacturing, especially in Toyota’s production system, but it can also be used in business processes across different sectors. (Option (b) is correct)
• The philosophy encourages all employees, from the CEO to the assembly line workers, to contribute to improvement ideas.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/how-firms-like-samsung-view-labour-tamil-nadu-protest/article68762143.ece

Solution (d)

Explanation:

• Ernest Hemingway was a prominent American novelist and short story writer known for works such as “The Old Man and the Sea,” “For Whom the Bell Tolls,” and “A Farewell to Arms.” (Option (a) is incorrect)
• Aldous Huxley is best known for his dystopian novel “Brave New World,” which explores themes of technology, totalitarianism, and social control. (Option (b) is incorrect)
• Scott Fitzgerald is famous for his portrayal of the Jazz Age, particularly with his novel “The Great Gatsby.” Fitzgerald’s works focus more on the American dream, wealth, and social dynamics. (Option (c) is incorrect)
• George Orwell (born Eric Arthur Blair) is the author of the famous political allegory “Animal Farm” (1945), which critiques totalitarian regimes, particularly Stalinist Russia, and “Nineteen Eighty-Four” (1949), which presents a dystopian future where government surveillance and authoritarianism rule. Orwell’s works are renowned for their critique of oppressive political systems. (Option (d) is correct)
• “Animal Farm” is an allegory that uses farm animals to critique the rise of totalitarian regimes, particularly the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin.
• “Nineteen Eighty-Four” explores a dystopian world dominated by surveillance, censorship, and oppressive government control, introducing terms like “Big Brother” and “thoughtcrime” into popular discourse.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/books/the-contemporary-relevance-of-the-rhetoric-of-orwellianism/article68760528.ece#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20lessons%20from,believed%20it%20principally%20divided%20society.

Solution (c)

Explanation:

• The India-Pakistan War of 1971 led to the creation of Bangladesh. It was a decisive victory for India, resulting in the liberation of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The war involved multiple fronts, with major battles like the Battle of Longewala and the Battle of Basantar.
• The Kargil War occurred between May and July 1999 when Pakistani soldiers and militants infiltrated into Indian territory along the Line of Control (LoC) in the Kargil district of Jammu and Kashmir. The war is notable for battles such as the Battle of Tiger Hill and Tololing.
• The Battle of Walong took place during the India-China War of 1962. It was one of the fiercest battles fought in the Eastern sector, in the Walong region of Arunachal Pradesh. Indian soldiers showed remarkable resistance against the Chinese offensive, despite being heavily outnumbered and outgunned. This battle is remembered for the brave defense by Indian soldiers, although the Chinese eventually captured the region. The India-China War of 1962 was fought over border disputes, primarily in Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh. (Option (c) is correct)
• The India-Pakistan War of 1965 was fought over the Kashmir issue and resulted in a stalemate with no territorial changes. Major battles included the Battle of Asal Uttar and Battle of Haji Pir.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-army-lines-up-month-long-commemorative-events-to-mark-62-years-of-battle-of-walong/article68760497.ece

Solution (b)

Explanation:

• Gene expression refers to the process by which the information encoded in a gene is used to direct the production of proteins. This process involves two major steps: transcription and translation. In transcription, the gene’s DNA sequence is copied to mRNA, which then guides the protein synthesis in translation. (Statement 1 is correct)
• Once the mRNA is formed through transcription, it carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. The ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and assemble the corresponding amino acids to form proteins. (Statement 2 is correct)
• The cell does not automatically stop making proteins once mRNA is made. Instead, it continues making proteins until the mRNA is degraded or regulatory mechanisms intervene to stop translation. Protein production is a highly regulated process, and cells have mechanisms to control how much protein is produced, ensuring there isn’t an excess or a deficiency. If the cell needs to stop protein synthesis, it will degrade the mRNA or inhibit the translation process. (Statement 3 is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/nobel-prize-microrna-discovery-underscores-rna-primacy-biology/article68755707.ece#:~:text=RNA%20is%20important,of%20lung%20tumours%20using%20miRNAs.

Solution (d)

Explanation:

• DBO is located in the far north of Ladakh, close to the Line of Actual Control (LAC) with China. It is the northernmost military outpost of India and hosts the highest airstrip in the world, at an altitude of approximately 16,600 feet. DBO is very close to the Karakoram Pass, which is historically significant as a trade route and now a strategic location for military operations. (Option (d) is correct)
• Saser La is a high mountain pass located south of Daulat Beg Oldie, at an altitude of approximately 17,800 feet. It lies along the route from the Shyok River Valley to the Karakoram Range, making it strategically important for movements in the Ladakh region.
• Durbuk is situated further south of Saser La and Daulat Beg Oldie, near the Shyok River. It serves as a key point in the Ladakh region, being connected to important military routes, including the route to DBO through the Durbuk-Shyok-Daulat Beg Oldie (DS-DBO) road.
• The National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) recently cleared the construction and upgradation of five crucial road stretches, four of which pass through the Karakoram Wildlife Sanctuary along the LAC, including a route to Daulat Beg Oldie. These roads are significant for improving India’s strategic military presence in the region, especially along the LAC. Some of the cleared road projects include:
  • The Durbuk-Shyok-Daulat Beg Oldie (DS-DBO) road, which is crucial for military logistics, connecting the southern parts of Ladakh to DBO, the northernmost military outpost.
  • The Saser-Brangsa-Gapshan link road at 17,000 feet, facilitating better connectivity at higher altitudes.

Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/india/strategic-link-to-northern-outpost-among-5-ladakh-stretches-cleared-9624061/