Daily Quiz

Solution (b)
Explanation:
• Electromagnetic braking system uses magnetic fields to create resistance against the rotation of the wheels, thus slowing down the vehicle. It does not store the kinetic energy for later use; it dissipates it as heat. It is used in some trains and roller coasters to provide smooth and controlled braking. (Option (a) is incorrect)
• Regenerative braking system converts the kinetic energy of the wheels into electrical energy, which is then stored in a battery or supercapacitor for later use. This energy can be used to power the vehicle or other electrical systems. It is commonly used in electric and hybrid vehicles like the Toyota Prius and Tesla cars. (Option (b) is correct)
• Dynamic braking system converts the kinetic energy into electrical energy, which is then dissipated as heat through resistors. It does not store the energy for later use. It is often found in industrial applications and some types of electric locomotives. (Option (c) is incorrect)
• Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) prevents the wheels from locking up during braking, allowing the driver to maintain steering control. It does not convert or store kinetic energy. It is standard in most modern passenger cars and motorcycles. (Option (d) is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/in-an-electric-vehicle-what-is-regenerative-braking-explained/article68380958.ece#:~:text=Regenerative%20braking%20is%20a%20system,and%20used%20for%20other%20purposes

Solution (c)

Explanation:

• The Bharatiya Bhasha Samiti, also known as the Indian Languages Committee, has been set up to promote and preserve Indian languages and their rich heritage. It aims to work on various initiatives to enhance the use and learning of Indian languages in educational institutions and among the general public.
• The Ministry of Education is responsible for policy-making, planning, and implementation related to the promotion of education in India, including initiatives related to languages and their preservation. (Option (c) is correct)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/centre-set-to-tweak-criteria-for-according-classical-language-status/article68381390.ece#:~:text=Upcoming%20Maharashtra%20Assembly%20election%20has,for%20special%20tag%20for%20Marathi&text=Amid%20a%20clamour%20for%20classical,for%20giving%20this%20special%20tag.

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• Nociceptors are sensory receptors that detect signals from damaged tissue or the threat of damage and send pain signals to the brain. They are responsible for sensing extreme pressure, temperature, and chemical signals, converting them into electrical impulses that travel to the brain via the spinal cord. (Option (a) is correct)
• Photoreceptors are specialized cells found in the retina of the eye that detect light and convert it into electrical signals. They are not involved in detecting pressure, temperature, or injury-related chemical signals. Example: Rods and cones in the retina. (Option (b) is incorrect)
• Mechanoreceptors detect mechanical changes such as pressure, vibration, and touch. While they do sense pressure, they are not specifically responsible for detecting extreme conditions or injury-related signals. Example: Pacinian corpuscles in the skin. (Option (c) is incorrect)
• Chemoreceptors detect chemical changes in the environment or within the body, such as the levels of oxygen or carbon dioxide in the blood. They do not detect pressure or temperature changes related to injury. Example: Olfactory receptors in the nose, carotid bodies in the blood vessels. (Option (d) is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/scientists-find-proof-pain-sensing-cells-are-either-male-or-female/article68381018.ece#:~:text=The%20study%20presents%20a%20unique,making%20decisions%20about%20pain%20therapies.

Solution (b)

Explanation:

• Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a group of over 200 related DNA viruses, transmitted mainly through direct skin-to-skin contact, including sexual activity. It can cause warts and several cancers, particularly cervical cancer, with high-risk strains like HPV 16 and 18 being the most concerning. Vaccination and regular screening are essential for prevention and early detection.
• HPV is a DNA virus that can infect various parts of the body, including the skin, throat, and genital areas. HPV has more than 100 strains, some of which affect the skin causing warts, while others affect mucous membranes in areas like the throat and genitals. (Statement 1 is correct)
• HPV is primarily transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact, including sexual contact, rather than only through a liquid medium. Transmission typically occurs through intimate skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity, not requiring liquid medium like blood or other body fluids. (Statement 2 is incorrect)
• High-risk HPV strains, particularly HPV 16 and HPV 18, are responsible for the majority of cervical cancer cases. These high-risk types are known to cause about 70% of cervical cancer cases worldwide. (Statement 3 is correct)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/indigenous-hpv-vaccine-the-rhetoric-and-the-reality/article68382379.ece

Solution (d)

Explanation:

• The new criminal laws have become effective from July 1. SOPs have been issued by the Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPRD) to guide police officers in implementing the new provisions.
• According to the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), the investigation of POCSO cases must be completed within two months of recording the information of the offence, a provision that extends the earlier timeline applicable to rape cases under the Indian Penal Code. (Statement 1 is correct)
• Section 193(3)(h) of BNSS mandates that the Investigating Officer maintain the sequence of custody of an electronic device to ensure the integrity of sensitive and vulnerable evidence. (Statement 2 is correct)
• BNSS includes a provision that imposes a duty on the Investigating Officer to inform the progress of the investigation to the informant or victim within 90 days. (Statement 3 is correct)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/what-are-new-provisions-for-police-officers-explained/article68382550.ece#:~:text=A%20new%20provision%20under%20Section,and%20more%20vulnerable%20to%20tampering.