Daily Quiz

Solution (d)
Explanation:
• The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) was created in 1989 by the G7 countries to address growing concerns about money laundering. The G7 countries aimed to set standards and promote effective implementation of measures to combat money laundering, terrorist financing, and other financial crimes.
• FATF consists of member countries (currently 39) and observer countries or organizations. Members actively contribute to FATF’s policy-making, while observer countries or organizations, such as the IMF and World Bank, participate in discussions without voting rights.
• FATF’s primary focus is on combatting money laundering, terrorist financing, and preventing the financing of weapons of mass destruction. FATF works to ensure that international financial systems are not misused for illegal activities.
• FATF itself does not impose direct penalties on non-compliant countries. Instead, it can place countries on “Grey” or “Black” lists. Countries on these lists face increased scrutiny and sanctions from international financial institutions, which could affect foreign investment and economic relations. However, the FATF does not enforce penalties but encourages countries to implement its recommendations. (Option (d) is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-should-increase-capacity-of-court-system-to-reduce-number-of-pending-trials-in-money-laundering-cases-fatf-report/article68660716.ece#:~:text=India%20should%20aim%20to%20reduce,mutual%20assessment%20report%20of%20India.

Solution (b)

Explanation:

• While Acanthamoeba can cause a type of brain infection, it typically leads to a condition known as Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis (GAE), which is different from PAM. It can also cause Acanthamoeba keratitis, an infection of the eye, especially in contact lens users. (Option (a) is incorrect)
• Naegleria fowleri is the organism that causes Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM). This free-living amoeba is typically found in warm freshwater environments such as lakes and hot springs. It enters the body through the nose and travels to the brain, leading to a highly fatal brain infection. Although rare, PAM has an extremely high mortality rate. (Option (b) is correct)
• Plasmodium falciparum is one of the species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans, specifically the most severe form of the disease. (Option (c) is incorrect)
• Entamoeba histolytica causes amoebiasis, which usually affects the intestines and can lead to amoebic dysentery or liver abscess. (Option (d) is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/how-kerala-reduced-mortality-from-amoebic-meningoencephalitis/article68651950.ece

Solution (c)

Explanation:

• Vector-borne diseases are transmitted by vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, or fleas. Examples include malaria (spread by mosquitoes) and Lyme disease (spread by ticks).
• Zoonotic diseases are diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans. Examples include rabies, avian flu, and swine flu.
• Acinetobacter pneumonia is a hospital-acquired infection (HAI), caused by bacteria from the Acinetobacter genus, particularly Acinetobacter baumannii.
• These bacteria are highly resistant to antibiotics and can cause pneumonia, especially in patients with compromised immune systems or those on ventilators.
• It is most commonly seen in intensive care units (ICUs) and can spread via surfaces or healthcare workers’ hands. (Option (c) is correct)
• Airborne diseases are transmitted through air particles, such as tuberculosis or COVID-19. While pneumonia can sometimes be airborne, Acinetobacter pneumonia specifically refers to a hospital-acquired infection and is generally not spread through the air.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/the-true-cost-of-hospital-acquired-infections/article68651732.ece#:~:text=Their%20concerns%20were%20twofold%3A%20the,responsibility%20in%20preventing%20such%20infections.

Solution (c)

Explanation:

• The Harappan Civilization (or Indus Valley Civilization) was indeed a Bronze Age civilization. It flourished during the 3rd millennium BCE and is known for its extensive use of bronze tools and artifacts, which were central to its technological advancements. (Statement 1 is correct)
• The Harappan civilization did extend southwards to the Daimabad site, located on the Pravara River, a tributary of the Godavari River. Hence, the southernmost known Harappan site touches the Godavari basin. (Statement 2 is correct)
• The Harappan Civilization had a script that has been found inscribed on various seals and pottery. However, despite the discovery of thousands of inscriptions, the Harappan script remains undeciphered, and it is unclear how developed it was for daily use. While the script existed, its exact meaning and usage remain a mystery to scholars today. (Statement 3 is correct)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/harappan-civilisation-100-years-of-historic-exploration/article68660040.ece

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• Lok Sabha (general elections) and State Assembly elections were indeed held simultaneously in India from 1951-52 (the first general elections) until 1967. However, this synchronization ended due to premature dissolutions of certain state assemblies and the Lok Sabha itself. After 1967, elections to the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies began to be held at different times. (Statement 1 is correct)
• Currently, several state assembly elections have been held together with the Lok Sabha elections. In 2024, for example, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Odisha, and Sikkim held simultaneous state assembly elections along with the Lok Sabha elections. Therefore, the number of state assembly elections held simultaneously with Lok Sabha elections is more than two. (Statement 2 is incorrect)

Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/one-nation-one-election-eci-9577078/