Daily Quiz

Solution (c)
Explanation:
• HIV/AIDS is treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART), not the DOTS strategy.
• Malaria is treated using antimalarial drugs such as Chloroquine and Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs).
• The Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) strategy is a globally recognized method for controlling tuberculosis (TB). It ensures that patients take their medication regularly, which is crucial for curing TB and preventing the development of drug-resistant strains. (Option (c) is correct)
• Leprosy is treated with a multi-drug therapy (MDT), which is different from the DOTS strategy.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/%E2%80%8Btaking-tb-seriously-on-the-bpalm-treatment-regimen-for-drug-resistant-tuberculosis/article68622530.ece#:~:text=TB%20elimination%20means%20there%20should,with%20a%20high%20success%20rate.

Solution (b)

Explanation:

• Panini’s Ashtadhyayi, written around 500 B.C., established the grammatical rules for Sanskrit, and both literary and spoken Sanskrit followed this system. Panini’s grammar is still regarded as the foundation of classical Sanskrit. (Option (b) is correct)
• Gaha Saptashati and Karpur Manjari are written in Prakrit, not Sanskrit. These texts represent ornate poetry in Prakrit, which evolved from Sanskrit but is a distinct language used in classical Indian literature, particularly in regional dialects. (Option (b) is incorrect)
• The Pratishakhyas are ancient texts that explain the phonetics and grammatical rules specific to each Veda. These texts were essential for preserving the oral tradition of the Vedas by standardizing their pronunciation and grammatical structure. (Option (c) is correct)
• Both Kalhan and Bilhan were renowned for their contributions to historical Kavyas in Sanskrit. Kalhan’s Rajatarangini and Bilhan’s Vikramankadevacharita are classic examples of historical poetry in Sanskrit literature. (Option (d) is correct)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/looking-beyond-sanskrit/article68622147.ece#:~:text=At%20the%20same%20time%2C%20recognising,traditions%20of%20other%20Indian%20tongues.

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• The Brasilia Declaration on Road Safety was adopted during the Second Global High-Level Conference on Road Safety held in Brasilia, Brazil, in 2015. It aims to reduce road traffic deaths and injuries by 50% by 2030, focusing on improving road safety management, infrastructure, vehicle standards, and post-crash care. The declaration calls for strengthening policies for safer roads and vehicles, promoting awareness, and ensuring enforcement of traffic laws. (Option (a) is correct)
• Climate change-related declarations include the Paris Agreement (2015), which is a global accord within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and limiting global temperature rise to well below 2°C.
• Sustainable development is primarily addressed through the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which includes the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These 17 goals were adopted by the United Nations in 2015 to promote prosperity while protecting the planet.
• Declarations concerning deforestation in the Amazon include initiatives like the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO) and other multilateral agreements aimed at reducing deforestation and protecting biodiversity in the Amazon.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/road-safety-in-india-challenges/article68623486.ece#:~:text=Basic%20traffic%20safety%20measures%2C%20including,challenges%20faced%20by%20different%20States.

Solution (b)

Explanation:

• The GST Council has been constituted under Article 279A of the Constitution. This article was added by the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act in 2016 to establish the GST Council, which is tasked with making recommendations on GST-related matters. (Statement 1 is correct)
• The Revenue Secretary serves as the Ex-officio Secretary to the GST Council. This position is important for coordinating the administrative work of the Council and assisting in its functioning. (Statement 2 is correct)
• While the GST Council aims to reach consensus in its decisions, not all decisions are taken through consensus. If consensus is not possible, decisions are made through voting, where the Union government has one-third of the votes, and all states together have two-thirds of the votes. A three-fourths majority is required for a decision to pass. (Statement 3 is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/business/new-gom-on-health-insurance-to-submit-report-by-october-council-may-take-a-call-on-18-gst-levy-in-november/article68622349.ece & https://gstcouncil.gov.in/gst-council-0

Solution (b)

Explanation:

• INS Malpe is an anti-submarine warfare shallow watercraft (ASWCWC) launched by the Indian Navy, designed for conducting underwater surveillance and anti-submarine operations in coastal waters. It is part of a series of vessels built for anti-submarine warfare. (Statement 1 is correct)
• Similar to INS Malpe, INS Mulki is another vessel designed for anti-submarine warfare. It is also part of the series of ASWCWC vessels launched by the Indian Navy, equipped with indigenous sonar systems for detecting and neutralizing submarine threats in shallow waters. (Statement 2 is correct)
• INS Kalvari is not an anti-submarine warfare shallow watercraft but a Scorpène-class submarine and the lead submarine in this class. It is a diesel-electric attack submarine used for deep-sea operations, including intelligence gathering, mine-laying, and torpedo attacks, rather than shallow water anti-submarine operations. (Statement 3 is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/two-anti-submarine-warfare-shallow-watercrafts-of-indian-navy-launched-at-cochin-shipyard/article68621140.ece