Daily Quiz

Solution (a)
Explanation:
• The Lakdawala, Tendulkar, and Rangarajan Committees were all established to estimate and define poverty in India. Each committee provided different methodologies and criteria for measuring poverty. The Tendulkar Committee recommended a shift from calorie intake to a broader definition that includes spending on health and education. (Option (a) is correct)
• Committees related to fiscal federalism include the Finance Commission, which addresses the distribution of financial resources between the central government and the states. The 15th Finance Commission, chaired by N.K. Singh, focuses on fiscal federalism. (Option (b) is incorrect)
• Committees related to tax reforms include the Kelkar Committee and the Raja Chelliah Committee, which were tasked with recommending changes to India’s tax system. The Kelkar Committee focused on direct and indirect tax reforms. (Option (c) is incorrect)
• Committees related to education policy include the Kothari Commission and the National Knowledge Commission. The Kothari Commission (1964-66) focused on the development of a national education policy. (Option (d) is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/counting-the-poor-having-nutritional-deficiency/article68492304.ece

Solution (b)

Explanation:

• The ICC has jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for these four serious international crimes. The ICC has prosecuted individuals such as Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir for war crimes and genocide. (Option (a) is correct)
• The ICC is known as a court of last resort, but it does not seek to replace national courts. Instead, it intervenes only when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute serious international crimes. The ICC intervened in the situation in Kenya when the national courts were unable to prosecute the crimes committed during the post-election violence. (Option (b) is incorrect)
• The ICC operates under the framework established by the Rome Statute, which was adopted in 1998 and came into force in 2002. The Rome Statute outlines the ICC’s jurisdiction, structure, and functions. (Option (c) is correct)
• The ICC relies on the cooperation of states to arrest and transfer suspects to its custody, as it does not have its own police force or enforcement body. The ICC issued an arrest warrant for Joseph Kony, but it relied on member states to capture and transfer him to the court. (Option (d) is correct)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/has-the-uk-changed-its-stance-on-icc-arrest-warrants-explained/article68493966.ece#:~:text=The%20story%20so%20far%3A%20On,and%20Defence%20Minister%20Yoav%20Gallant.

Solution (c)

Explanation:

• Blood pressure is not measured in pascals. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). (Option (a) is incorrect)
• The unit of blood pressure measurement is millimeters of mercury (mmHg), not water. (Option (b) is incorrect)
• The content states that all the air on top of our heads, right up to space, exerts a pressure of 100,000 Pa, which is like about 200 apples on your hand. (Option (c) is correct)
• Mercury is used because it is about 15-times heavier than water, making it more convenient to use smaller quantities in measuring devices. (Option (d) is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/on-the-physics-of-pressure-how-the-microscopic-world-interacts-with-us/article68493951.ece#:~:text=Pressure%20is%20how%20the%20microscopic,what%20we%20call%20air%20pressure.

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• The Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act, 1994 allows the harvesting of organs from living donors and brain-dead patients with the consent of family members. This provision ensures that organs can be legally obtained and transplanted to those in need. Organs from brain-dead patients are often transported to various hospitals where eligible recipients are registered. (Statement 1 is correct)
• The Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act, 1994 does not regulate the subject of artificial organs in India. The Act focuses on the removal, storage, and transplantation of human organs and tissues for therapeutic purposes and the prevention of commercial dealings in human organs and tissues. Artificial organs are a separate subject not covered under THOTA. (Statement 2 is incorrect)
• While the Act was indeed enacted in 1994, it has not been adopted by all states. The erstwhile state of Jammu & Kashmir and Andhra Pradesh have their own legislation regarding the transplantation of human organs. J&K and Andhra Pradesh have separate laws governing organ transplantation. (Statement 3 is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/in-a-first-union-health-ministry-issues-guidelines-for-organ-transport-across-the-country/article68491234.ece#:~:text=The%20instructions%20made%20it%20clear,outside%20the%20territory%20of%20India.

Solution (b)

Explanation:

• While the idea for such legislation was considered since the 1998 Odisha super cyclone, the Disaster Management Act, 2005 was actually enacted in the aftermath of the 2004 tsunami. The 1998 Odisha super cyclone catalyzed the consideration, but the immediate trigger was the tsunami. (Statement 1 is incorrect)
• The Disaster Management Act, 2005 led to the creation of the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) and the National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM). The Act led to the creation of the NDMA, SDMAs at the state level. (Statement 2 is correct)
• NIDM is an institute meant for disaster-related research, training, awareness, and capacity building.
• The Act was followed by a National Disaster Management Policy in 2009 and a National Disaster Management Plan in 2016. (Statement 3 is incorrect)

Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/disaster-management-ndma-role-expansion-ndma-operational-efficiencies-natural-disaster-9499210/#:~:text=The%20Bill%20seeks%20to%20significantly,the%20institutional%20status%20of%20NDMA.