Daily Quiz

Solution (c)
Explanation:
• Karnataka is one of the largest coffee-growing regions in India, contributing to around 70% of the country’s coffee production. Major coffee-producing districts include Chikkamagaluru, Kodagu (Coorg), and Hassan. Coffee Types: Arabica and Robusta.
• Kerala is a significant coffee-growing state, especially in the districts of Wayanad, Idukki, and Palakkad. The region primarily grows Robusta coffee due to its suitability in the state’s humid climate. Kerala contributes about 20% of India’s coffee production.
• Telangana is not a traditional coffee-growing area in India. The state’s climatic and soil conditions are generally not favorable for coffee cultivation. Instead, Telangana focuses on crops like rice, cotton, and pulses. (Option (c) is correct)
• Tamil Nadu is a traditional coffee-growing state, particularly in the Nilgiris, Yercaud, and Kodaikanal regions. Tamil Nadu contributes to around 5% of India’s coffee production. Both Arabica and Robusta are cultivated in these high-altitude regions.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/150-year-old-coffee-plant-in-idukki-a-window-to-districts-early-plantation-history/article69040123.ece#:~:text=It%20is%20believed%20that%20the,the%20plantation%20industry%20in%20Peerumade. & https://coffeeboard.gov.in/coffee-regions-india.html

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations. It was established to promote the safe and orderly development of international civil aviation. ICAO sets global aviation standards and policies. (Option (a) is correct)
• ICAO was established much earlier, in 1944, through the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation. The Chicago Convention was signed on December 7, 1944, and ICAO came into force on April 4, 1947. (Option (b) is incorrect)
• The Montreal Convention (1999) is a treaty that modernized the rules regarding airline liability for international air travel. It deals with passenger rights and compensation for damages during international flights. ICAO, on the other hand, was established under the Chicago Convention. (Option (c) is incorrect)
• ICAO provides standards and recommended practices (SARPs) for international civil aviation. It does not directly regulate or monitor airlines, airports, or air traffic services. These responsibilities are left to the national aviation authorities (e.g., DGCA in India, FAA in the U.S.). (Option (d) is incorrect)
• It coordinates and facilitates international cooperation among its 193 member states.

Source: https://www.icao.int/about-icao/Pages/default.aspx & https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/incidents-on-loop-but-its-escape-for-regulator-airlines/article69040616.ece

Solution (d)

Explanation:

• Pratap Bhanu Mehta is a well-known political theorist and public intellectual. His works analyze liberal democracy, constitutionalism, and Indian political thought. ‘The Burden of Democracy’ discusses challenges and paradoxes in Indian democracy.
• Suhas Palshikar specializes in Indian democracy and political analysis. Co-author of Indian Democracy and known for his work on Indian politics and electoral studies.
• Deendayal Upadhyaya is closely associated with Integral Humanism, emphasizing balanced development based on Indian cultural values. His political thought focused on decentralized governance and the spiritual and material welfare of society
• Jayaprakash Narayan, a prominent freedom fighter and political thinker, authored A Plea for Reconstruction of Indian Polity. The book outlines his vision for a decentralized, participatory democracy, emphasizing a system where people have direct control over governance at the local level. Narayan is also known for advocating Total Revolution, a transformative political ideology during the 1970s. (Option (d) is correct)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/one-nation-one-election-and-representative-democracy/article69040593.ece

Solution (c)

Explanation:

• The Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968, came into focus after allegations of bias against a judge of the Allahabad High Court. The Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968, lays down the procedure for investigating allegations against judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, under Articles 124(4), 124(5), 217, and 218 of the Constitution. These provisions ensure that judges can be removed only for “proved misbehaviour or incapacity”, maintaining judicial independence. (Statement 1 is correct)
• The Act mandates “proved misbehaviour or incapacity” to form the basis of removal. The definition is subject to inquiry and adjudication by a committee. (Statement 2 is correct)
• A motion for removal must be supported by the requisite number of members (100 Lok Sabha MPs or 50 Rajya Sabha MPs). After the motion is admitted by the Speaker or the Chairman, a three-member inquiry committee, consisting of a Supreme Court judge, a High Court Chief Justice, and an eminent jurist, is constituted to investigate the charges. (Statement 3 is correct)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/the-challenge-of-holding-judges-accountable/article69039810.ece

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• LLMs are advanced AI models, like GPT-4, trained on enormous text datasets to perform various language-related tasks, including text generation, translation, and summarization. They leverage deep learning techniques such as transformer architectures. (Statement 1 is correct)
• Parameters represent the model’s capacity to learn and store information. Larger models with billions of parameters generally exhibit better performance due to their ability to capture complex patterns and nuances in data. However, after a certain threshold, returns may diminish without proper fine-tuning. (Statement 2 is correct)
• While traditional LLMs primarily handle text, newer models, such as OpenAI’s GPT-4 and Google’s Gemini, are multimodal, meaning they can process and integrate data from various formats, including images and audio. (Statement 3 is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/from-gemini-claude-to-llama-how-ai-titans-shaped-the-industry-in-2024/article69032097.ece