Daily Quiz

Solution (d)
Explanation:
• The Ken-Betwa Link Canal is planned to be 221 km long, with a 2-km tunnel. This canal will transfer water from the Ken River to the Betwa River to provide irrigation, drinking water, and hydropower benefits.
• The Ken-Betwa Link Project is the first project under the National Perspective Plan (1980) for interlinking rivers. This plan includes 16 projects under the peninsular component and 14 under the Himalayan rivers development plan.
• The project is divided into two phases:
o Phase-I: Includes the construction of the Daudhan Dam complex, Low-Level and High-Level Tunnels, and the Ken-Betwa Link Canal.
o Phase-II: Includes the Lower Orr Dam, Bina Complex Project, and Kotha Barrage.
• The project is intended to benefit the Bundelkhand region, not Malwa or Baghelkhand. Bundelkhand spans across 13 districts in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, including Panna, Tikamgarh, Chhatarpur, Sagar, Damoh, Banda, Jhansi, and others. (Option (d) is correct)

Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/pm-modi-foundation-ken-betwa-linking-project-9743602/

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• Yokohama Strategy (1994): Adopted at the World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction in Yokohama, Japan. It focused on integrating disaster risk management into development planning.
• Hyogo Framework for Action (2005-2015): Adopted at the World Conference on Disaster Reduction in Kobe, Japan. It emphasized building resilience in nations and communities to disasters.
• Sendai Framework (2015-2030): Adopted at the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, Japan. It replaced the Hyogo Framework, focusing on reducing disaster risk through understanding risks, strengthening governance, and enhancing preparedness. (Option (a) is correct)
• International frameworks like Doha Development Agenda or Bali Package are associated with trade under the WTO. (Option (b) is incorrect)
• Key frameworks in climate finance include the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and Paris Agreement. (Option (c) is incorrect)
• Frameworks like the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and Global Solar Alliance focus on renewable energy. (Option (d) is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-lapses-in-the-disaster-management-bill/article69026441.ece#:~:text=The%20Disaster%20Management%20(Amendment,and%20efficiency%20from%20the%20Act.

Solution (c)

Explanation:

• Finland is known for its progressive education and digital safety policies, it has adopted general EU-level directives for online safety under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
• The UK’s primary focus on online safety is through the Online Safety Bill, 2023, which imposes duties on tech companies to tackle harmful content, especially targeting children.
• Australia’s Online Safety Amendment (Social Media Minimum Age) Bill, 2024 is an addition to the Online Safety Act, 2021. The amendment mandates that social media platforms take reasonable steps to prevent children below 16 years of age from registering accounts.
• The goal is to reduce harm to young users by limiting their exposure to inappropriate or harmful content. The law also strengthens Australia’s existing eSafety framework, overseen by the eSafety Commissioner. (Option (c) is correct)
• Germany enforces strict online content regulations under the Network Enforcement Act (NetzDG), which focuses on removing hate speech and harmful content. It does not mandate a minimum age for social media usage, as Germany aligns with the EU’s Digital Services Act (DSA) and GDPR for online safety.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/what-is-australias-online-safety-amendment-about-explained/article69026251.ece#:~:text=Australia's%20House%20of%20Representatives%20recently,age%20from%20having%20an%20account.

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• The Free Movement Regime (FMR) along the India-Myanmar border was established in 1968. It was created to allow tribal communities living along the border to continue their traditional ties and socio-economic interactions, given that the border divides their ancestral lands. (Statement 1 is correct)
• While the original limit was indeed 40 km, it was reduced to 16 km in 2004 due to security concerns. Additional restrictions were implemented in 2016 to regulate cross-border movement. (Statement 2 is incorrect)
• India has suspended the FMR entirely. Home Minister Amit Shah announced that the regime had been scrapped to address internal security and maintain the demographic balance in northeastern states. The suspension reflects growing concerns over illegal activities such as smuggling and insurgent movements. (Statement 3 is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/fmr-with-myanmar-yet-to-be-scrapped-formally-mha-tightens-regulations-for-border-population/article69026504.ece

Solution (c)

Explanation:

• Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) are caused by the sudden release of water retained in glacial lakes, which often form due to glacier retreat. As glaciers retreat, meltwater collects in natural depressions or behind moraine dams, increasing the likelihood of outbursts due to:
  • Weak moraine walls.
  • Ice avalanches or rockfalls into the lake.
  • Seismic activity.
  • Excessive water pressure. (Statement 1 is correct)
• GLOFs have high erosion and transport potential, as the sudden and massive release of water creates a highly energetic flow. This energy:
  • Carries large volumes of sediment, rocks, and debris downstream.
  • Causes significant damage to landscapes, infrastructure, and human settlements. (Statement 2 is incorrect)
• GLOFs can transform into debris flows or mudflows as they erode and incorporate large amounts of sediment, rocks, and vegetation along their path. These flows are typically fast-moving and destructive, making them particularly dangerous in downstream areas. (Statement 3 is correct)

Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/20-years-after-indian-ocean-tsunami-india-is-better-prepared-9744359/?ref=top_opinion