Daily Quiz 16 December 2024
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
Which of the following amendment led to limiting the number of legislative constituencies that a candidate can context from, to two?
Correct
Solution (b)
Explanation:
• 33rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1974 dealt with ensuring the authenticity of resignations by Members of Parliament and State Legislatures. It empowered the Speaker or Chairman to verify whether a resignation was voluntary and genuine, but it had no connection to limiting constituencies.
• 1996 Amendment to the Representation of the People Act, 1951 introduced a restriction on the number of constituencies a candidate could contest from during elections, limiting it to two constituencies. The provision aimed to reduce the need for frequent by-elections, which were necessitated when candidates contested and won from multiple seats and vacated all but one. (Option (b) is correct)
• 91st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003 focused on limiting the size of the Council of Ministers to 15% of the total strength of the respective legislative assembly or Parliament. It also strengthened provisions related to anti-defection but did not address contesting from multiple constituencies.
• No significant changes regarding constituencies were introduced in 2003.Incorrect
Solution (b)
Explanation:
• 33rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1974 dealt with ensuring the authenticity of resignations by Members of Parliament and State Legislatures. It empowered the Speaker or Chairman to verify whether a resignation was voluntary and genuine, but it had no connection to limiting constituencies.
• 1996 Amendment to the Representation of the People Act, 1951 introduced a restriction on the number of constituencies a candidate could contest from during elections, limiting it to two constituencies. The provision aimed to reduce the need for frequent by-elections, which were necessitated when candidates contested and won from multiple seats and vacated all but one. (Option (b) is correct)
• 91st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003 focused on limiting the size of the Council of Ministers to 15% of the total strength of the respective legislative assembly or Parliament. It also strengthened provisions related to anti-defection but did not address contesting from multiple constituencies.
• No significant changes regarding constituencies were introduced in 2003. -
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
Which of the following organisation was established with a mandate ‘to ensure a consistent supply of critical and strategic minerals to the Indian domestic market’?
Correct
Solution (a)
Explanation:
- KABIL was established in 2019 as a joint venture between NALCO, HCL, and MECL with the primary mandate of ensuring a consistent supply of critical and strategic minerals like lithium and cobalt to meet India’s domestic needs. It focuses on securing mineral resources through bilateral agreements and acquisitions, particularly in resource-rich countries like Australia, Argentina, and Kazakhstan. (Option (a) is correct)
- Coal India Ltd. is primarily engaged in the exploration and production of coal, not strategic minerals. It ensures the availability of coal for India’s energy needs but has no mandate for securing critical minerals like lithium or cobalt. (Option (b) is incorrect)
- NMDC is India’s largest iron ore producer, focusing on iron ore, diamonds, and other minor minerals. It is not tasked with securing critical or strategic minerals for India’s energy and technology sectors. (Option (c) is incorrect)
- GSI is responsible for geological surveys, mapping, and exploration of natural resources within India. It does not focus on securing mineral resources from foreign countries or ensuring strategic mineral security. (Option (d) is incorrect)
Incorrect
Solution (a)
Explanation:
- KABIL was established in 2019 as a joint venture between NALCO, HCL, and MECL with the primary mandate of ensuring a consistent supply of critical and strategic minerals like lithium and cobalt to meet India’s domestic needs. It focuses on securing mineral resources through bilateral agreements and acquisitions, particularly in resource-rich countries like Australia, Argentina, and Kazakhstan. (Option (a) is correct)
- Coal India Ltd. is primarily engaged in the exploration and production of coal, not strategic minerals. It ensures the availability of coal for India’s energy needs but has no mandate for securing critical minerals like lithium or cobalt. (Option (b) is incorrect)
- NMDC is India’s largest iron ore producer, focusing on iron ore, diamonds, and other minor minerals. It is not tasked with securing critical or strategic minerals for India’s energy and technology sectors. (Option (c) is incorrect)
- GSI is responsible for geological surveys, mapping, and exploration of natural resources within India. It does not focus on securing mineral resources from foreign countries or ensuring strategic mineral security. (Option (d) is incorrect)
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Question 3 of 5
3. Question
The Global Digital Compact (GDC) is an international framework for digital cooperation that was adopted at which of the following events?
Correct
Solution (d)
Explanation:
- While the UN General Assembly discusses issues like digital governance and cooperation, the Global Digital Compact (GDC) was not adopted during any of its special sessions. These sessions primarily address urgent global challenges like pandemics, climate change, and conflicts.
- World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), held in 2003 and 2005, was a precursor to global digital governance discussions. It laid the groundwork for global digital frameworks but did not adopt the Global Digital Compact.
- The IGF is an annual forum that discusses internet-related public policy issues, fostering collaboration among stakeholders. However, the GDC was not adopted at the IGF, as it is more focused on stakeholder dialogue rather than formal agreements.
- The Global Digital Compact (GDC) was proposed as part of the United Nations Summit of the Future, scheduled for 2024. The GDC focuses on promoting digital inclusion, data privacy, cybersecurity, and responsible AI development to foster global digital cooperation. It aims to balance the benefits of digital transformation with challenges like misinformation, cybersecurity threats, and inequity in digital access. (Option (d) is correct)
Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-digital-frontier-of-inequality/article68989427.ece
Incorrect
Solution (d)
Explanation:
- While the UN General Assembly discusses issues like digital governance and cooperation, the Global Digital Compact (GDC) was not adopted during any of its special sessions. These sessions primarily address urgent global challenges like pandemics, climate change, and conflicts.
- World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), held in 2003 and 2005, was a precursor to global digital governance discussions. It laid the groundwork for global digital frameworks but did not adopt the Global Digital Compact.
- The IGF is an annual forum that discusses internet-related public policy issues, fostering collaboration among stakeholders. However, the GDC was not adopted at the IGF, as it is more focused on stakeholder dialogue rather than formal agreements.
- The Global Digital Compact (GDC) was proposed as part of the United Nations Summit of the Future, scheduled for 2024. The GDC focuses on promoting digital inclusion, data privacy, cybersecurity, and responsible AI development to foster global digital cooperation. It aims to balance the benefits of digital transformation with challenges like misinformation, cybersecurity threats, and inequity in digital access. (Option (d) is correct)
Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-digital-frontier-of-inequality/article68989427.ece
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Question 4 of 5
4. Question
Consider the following statements with respect to the carbon markets:
- Right to pollute is traded for a price in the carbon markets.
- Carbon credits were first used in 1990’s US market.
- Carbon markets also include the trading of carbon offsets.
How many of the statements above are correct?
Correct
Solution (c)
Explanation:
- Carbon markets operate on the principle of cap-and-trade or offsetting mechanisms, where a price is placed on emissions to incentivize industries to reduce their carbon output. Entities that emit less than their quota can sell their unused allowances to others who need more, effectively putting a price on the “right to pollute.” The European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) allows industries to trade allowances within a capped limit. (Statement 1 is correct)
- The concept of carbon credits emerged in the United States in the 1990s with the Acid Rain Program, which focused on sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emissions trading under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. This model inspired similar carbon trading schemes globally to address greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. (Statement 2 is correct)
- Carbon markets involve trading not just allowances (right to emit) but also offsets, which represent verified reductions of GHGs achieved outside the regulated entities. A company might invest in renewable energy projects or reforestation programs to generate carbon offsets and trade them in voluntary carbon markets.
- The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol is an example where offsets are generated by certified emission reduction (CER) projects in developing countries. (Statement 3 is correct)
Incorrect
Solution (c)
Explanation:
- Carbon markets operate on the principle of cap-and-trade or offsetting mechanisms, where a price is placed on emissions to incentivize industries to reduce their carbon output. Entities that emit less than their quota can sell their unused allowances to others who need more, effectively putting a price on the “right to pollute.” The European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) allows industries to trade allowances within a capped limit. (Statement 1 is correct)
- The concept of carbon credits emerged in the United States in the 1990s with the Acid Rain Program, which focused on sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emissions trading under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. This model inspired similar carbon trading schemes globally to address greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. (Statement 2 is correct)
- Carbon markets involve trading not just allowances (right to emit) but also offsets, which represent verified reductions of GHGs achieved outside the regulated entities. A company might invest in renewable energy projects or reforestation programs to generate carbon offsets and trade them in voluntary carbon markets.
- The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol is an example where offsets are generated by certified emission reduction (CER) projects in developing countries. (Statement 3 is correct)
-
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
Consider the following statements with reference to the Jalvahak scheme:
- It incentivises cargo transport on all National Waterways.
- It offers reimbursement of up to 35% of the total operating expenditure incurred.
- It encourages cargo owners to hire vessels owned or operated by government entities.
Which of the statements above is/are correct?
Correct
Solution (b)
Explanation:
- The Jalvahak scheme focuses on incentivizing cargo transport on National Waterways 1 (Ganga), 2 (Brahmaputra), and 16 (Barak). It does not include all 111 notified National Waterways, the scheme specifically targets the major commercial waterways for its initial implementation to encourage economic cargo movement. (Statement 1 is incorrect)
- The scheme provides up to 35% reimbursement of the total operating expenditure incurred by vessel operators. This subsidy aims to incentivize businesses to choose inland waterways over road and rail transport, which are typically more congested and less eco-friendly. (Statement 2 is correct)
- To boost government participation and support, the scheme explicitly encourages cargo owners to hire vessels owned or operated by government entities, ensuring accountability and reliability in operations. (Statement 3 is correct)
Incorrect
Solution (b)
Explanation:
- The Jalvahak scheme focuses on incentivizing cargo transport on National Waterways 1 (Ganga), 2 (Brahmaputra), and 16 (Barak). It does not include all 111 notified National Waterways, the scheme specifically targets the major commercial waterways for its initial implementation to encourage economic cargo movement. (Statement 1 is incorrect)
- The scheme provides up to 35% reimbursement of the total operating expenditure incurred by vessel operators. This subsidy aims to incentivize businesses to choose inland waterways over road and rail transport, which are typically more congested and less eco-friendly. (Statement 2 is correct)
- To boost government participation and support, the scheme explicitly encourages cargo owners to hire vessels owned or operated by government entities, ensuring accountability and reliability in operations. (Statement 3 is correct)
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