Daily Quiz

Solution (a)
Explanation:
• The Mitigation Work Programme (MWP) is associated with the UNFCCC, specifically aimed at addressing global greenhouse gas emissions. It seeks to scale up mitigation actions and enhance ambition by countries under the Paris Agreement to meet climate goals, such as limiting global temperature rise to 1.5°C or 2°C. The MWP facilitates knowledge-sharing, capacity-building, and technology transfer to support the implementation of nationally determined contributions (NDCs). (Option (a) is correct)
• The Global Stocktake process, part of the Paris Agreement, evaluates collective progress in mitigation, adaptation, and finance goals.
• The CBD focuses on the conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. Processes under CBD include Aichi Biodiversity Targets (2011-2020) (Goals to reduce biodiversity loss globally).
• The UNCCD focuses on land degradation, desertification, and drought (DLDD). Its processes aim to achieve land degradation neutrality (LDN) and promote sustainable land management (SLM). The LDN Target Setting Programme supports countries in identifying measures to restore degraded land.
• The ISA is a coalition of countries promoting the adoption of solar energy to enhance energy security and combat climate change. Its processes focus on financing solar energy projects, policy support, and technology transfer. The One Sun One World One Grid (OSOWOG) initiative seeks to build a global interconnected solar energy grid.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/cop29-week-one-ends-in-deadlock-as-divisions-stall-climate-action-progress/article68878319.ece

Solution (c)

Explanation:

• Diabetes can result from multiple causes, not just a lack of insulin production. While Type 1 Diabetes is caused by insufficient insulin production due to the autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the pancreas, Type 2 Diabetes primarily involves insulin resistance, where the body does not use insulin effectively. Both conditions may coexist with other metabolic dysfunctions. (Option (a) is incorrect)
• Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas, leading to little or no insulin production. The inability to use insulin effectively is a characteristic of Type 2 Diabetes, not Type 1. (Option (b) is incorrect)
• Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy due to hormonal changes that cause insulin resistance. While it is typically a temporary condition, women who experience GDM are at higher risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes later in life. (Option (c) is correct)

• Type 2 Diabetes is heavily influenced by lifestyle factors, including an unhealthy diet, sedentary habits, obesity, and lack of exercise. Managing these factors through a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and weight control is crucial for preventing and controlling Type 2 Diabetes. (Option (d) is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/%E2%80%8Bgrowing-epidemic-the-hindu-editorial-on-diabetes-and-india/article68878483.ece

Solution (d)

Explanation:

• The All-India Services (Conduct) Rules, 1968 govern the conduct of officers of the Indian Administrative Services (IAS). These rules lay down guidelines for ethical behavior, public conduct, and integrity, ensuring that IAS officers act in accordance with the principles of public service.
• The Indian Police Services (IPS) officers are also governed by the All-India Services (Conduct) Rules, 1968. These rules guide their professional conduct, emphasizing impartiality, discipline, and adherence to the law in their duties related to law enforcement and public safety.
• Officers of the Indian Forest Services (IFS) are governed by the All-India Services (Conduct) Rules, 1968. These rules regulate their professional conduct, including responsibilities in forest conservation, wildlife management, and environmental protection.

• The Indian Foreign Services (IFS) officers are not governed by the All-India Services (Conduct) Rules, 1968. Instead, they are governed by the Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964, as they are part of the Central Civil Services, not the All-India Services. The IFS officers represent India’s diplomatic and consular services abroad and their conduct is aligned with these separate rules. (Option (d) is correct)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/why-were-the-kerala-ias-officers-suspended-explained/article68879688.ece

Solution (c)

Explanation:

• The Asiatic honey bee (Apis cerana indica) is a native species found across India and other parts of Asia. It is widely domesticated for honey production and is well-adapted to the tropical and subtropical climates of the region. (Statement 1 is correct)
• The giant rock bee (Apis dorsata) is a wild species native to India and Southeast Asia. It builds large, open combs on tall trees, cliffs, and buildings. It is known for its production of high-quality honey and plays a significant role in pollination. (Statement 2 is correct)
• The dwarf honey bee (Apis florea) is also native to India and is found in South and Southeast Asia. It builds small, single combs on shrubs and trees and produces smaller quantities of honey compared to other species. (Statement 3 is correct)
• The Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is native to Europe, Africa, and parts of the Middle East. It has been introduced to India for commercial honey production due to its high honey yield and ease of domestication. However, it is not a native species of India. (Statement 4 is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/emerging-infectious-diseases-bees-habitat-loss-food-economies/article68878421.ece

Solution (b)

Explanation:

• Greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as CO₂, CH₄, and H₂O vapor absorb longwave infrared radiation, not shortwave radiation. The Earth absorbs incoming shortwave solar radiation from the Sun and emits it as longwave infrared radiation. Greenhouse gases trap this infrared radiation, causing the greenhouse effect and warming the Earth’s surface. (Statement 1 is incorrect)
• The greenhouse effect maintains Earth’s surface temperature at an average of about 15°C, making it suitable for liquid water and life. Without the natural greenhouse effect, Earth’s surface would be much colder (around -18°C), making it inhospitable for liquid water to exist. (Statement 2 is correct)
• Among greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the most abundant in the atmosphere, accounting for approximately 0.04% (400 ppm) of atmospheric composition. In contrast, methane (CH₄) is present at about 1.9 ppm, and HFCs are present in trace amounts. However, CH₄ and HFCs have a much higher Global Warming Potential (GWP) than CO₂, meaning they trap more heat per molecule but are less abundant. (Statement 3 is correct)

Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-climate/co2-climate-change-9673231/