Daily Quiz

Solution (c)
Explanation:
• FAME I included incentives for both electric and hybrid vehicles, while FAME II has more emphasis on electric vehicles. However, FAME II still provides limited support to hybrid vehicles, particularly in commercial applications.
• FAME II indeed prioritizes incentives for electric vehicles used in public transportation and commercial fleets, such as electric buses and shared mobility. However, it does not exclude all other private EVs and still provides limited support for private two- and three-wheelers.
• FAME II significantly increased its budget compared to FAME I, aiming to improve charging infrastructure and support for electric buses, primarily focusing on public transportation solutions and commercial fleets. (Option (c) is correct)
• FAME I did support private EVs but did not necessarily provide higher subsidies compared to FAME II. The incentives in FAME II are more targeted towards public transport and fleet use, with a larger budget focused on infrastructure rather than higher subsidies for private users.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-private-sector-holds-the-key-to-indias-e-bus-push/article68803772.ece

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• A refrigerator is not classified as an FMCG. It is a durable good, as it is relatively high-cost, long-lasting, and purchased infrequently. Durable goods like refrigerators fall under consumer durables or white goods, rather than FMCGs. (Option (a) is correct)
• Toothpaste is a typical example of FMCG as it is a low-cost product that consumers use and replace frequently. FMCGs are often everyday items with high turnover rates. (Option (b) is incorrect)
• Laundry detergent also falls under FMCG because it is purchased regularly and has a high consumption rate. Products like detergents, soaps, and cleaning supplies are standard FMCG items. (Option (c) is incorrect)
• Packaged snacks are FMCGs due to their high turnover and frequent purchase cycle. Such products are typically consumed quickly, leading to repeat purchases. (Option (d) is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/sustainability-science-for-fmcgs/article68804339.ece#:~:text=Specifically%2C%20the%20BioE3%20policy%20notes,Moving%20Consumer%20Goods%20(FMCGs).

Solution (d)

Explanation:

• While India has collaborated with France on numerous space missions, such as the Megha-Tropiques mission for climate research and SARAL for ocean studies, France is not involved in the NISAR project.
• India and Japan have collaborated on space initiatives like Lunar Polar Exploration and data-sharing on satellite-based disaster management.
• Russia and India share a longstanding history of space collaboration, notably with Gaganyaan, India’s first crewed space mission.
• The NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) satellite is a collaborative mission between NASA and ISRO, representing the United States and India. NISAR aims to monitor Earth’s ecosystems, natural hazards, and dynamic surface changes with high precision. This partnership combines NASA’s expertise in L-band radar and ISRO’s capabilities in S-band radar technology. (Option (d) is correct)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/new-isro-rocket-nglv-moon-venus-missions-new-beginnings/article68789942.ece

Solution (b)

Explanation:

• Carbon credits represent a relatively recent tool in the realm of climate finance, enabling governments and companies to contribute to emission reductions through financial means. This aligns with global efforts to fund sustainable projects, especially in developing countries. (Statement 1 is correct)
• Carbon credits act as permits that grant countries or organizations the right to emit a specified amount of greenhouse gases (usually measured in metric tons of CO₂ or its equivalent). If entities stay under their emission limits, they can sell unused credits to others who exceed their limits. (Statement 2 is correct)
• Carbon credits are traded in two types of markets: compliance markets (regulated by authorities like the EU Emissions Trading System) and voluntary markets, where companies and individuals choose to offset their emissions beyond any regulatory requirements. (Statement 3 is incorrect)
• Carbon credits are units representing the reduction, removal, or avoidance of greenhouse gas emissions, usually equalling one metric ton of CO₂. They are issued when projects achieve verifiable reductions in emissions, such as through reforestation or renewable energy initiatives. These credits help facilitate emissions trading and incentivize emissions reductions, playing a crucial role in global climate change mitigation strategies.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/what-are-carbon-credits/article68803018.ece#:~:text=Possessing%20one%20carbon%20credit%20gives,1%2C000%20kg%20of%20carbon%20dioxide&text=Carbon%20credits%20are%20an%20important%20new%20instrument%20of%20climate%20finance

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• The livestock census in India is conducted every five years. It provides a comprehensive headcount of livestock and is crucial for tracking animal demographics across the country. (Statement 1 is correct)
• The 20th livestock census was conducted in 2019. The 21st census is scheduled to take place from October 2024 to February 2025. (Statement 2 is correct)
• The census will begin capturing data on the contributions of pastoralists, their socio-economic status, and livestock holding for the first time in the upcoming 21st census (2024-25). (Statement 3 is incorrect)
• The livestock census provides detailed information about the number of domesticated animals, poultry, and stray animals, covering aspects such as species, breed, age, sex, and ownership status. Conducted since 1919, this survey helps in policymaking and understanding trends in the livestock sector.

Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-economics/livestock-census-21st-9640278/#:~:text=What%20is%20the%20livestock%20census%20all%20about%3F,of%20the%20animals%20in%20question.