Daily Quiz

Solution (b)
Explanation:
• Article 3 outlines the overarching objective of the Paris Agreement, which is to limit global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C. It does not directly address carbon markets or their operationalization.
• Article 6 of the Paris Agreement is specifically dedicated to voluntary cooperation mechanisms through which countries can achieve their nationally determined contributions (NDCs). This article provides the framework for international carbon markets, allowing countries to trade emission reductions to meet climate goals efficiently.
• Article 6 includes two main mechanisms: market-based (such as trading emission reductions between countries) and non-market-based approaches (like capacity building and climate finance). It is central to operationalizing carbon markets and includes cooperative approaches, a new crediting mechanism, and non-market approaches. (Option (b) is correct)
• Article 12 focuses on education, training, public awareness, and participation related to climate action. It aims to engage the public and raise awareness about the impacts of climate change and the need for mitigation and adaptation efforts.
• Article 21 of the Paris Agreement concerns the entry into force of the agreement itself and the necessary ratification by a minimum number of parties.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/%E2%80%8Bfair-trade-on-the-29th-cop-and-indias-carbon-market/article68796037.ece#:~:text=India%20must%20develop%20a%20transparent%20carbon%20trade%20policy&text=A%20specific%20section%20under%20the,among%20countries%20%E2%80%94can%20be%20operationalised.

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• Both the Dinesh Goswami Committee (1990) and Hashim Abdul Halim Committee (2007) were established to recommend reforms in the Indian electoral process.
• The Dinesh Goswami Committee focused on reforms related to criminalization of politics, transparency in election funding, and other improvements in the electoral process.
• The Hashim Abdul Halim Committee, formed by the Ministry of Law and Justice, aimed to strengthen the Election Commission and suggested measures to curb malpractices and make elections fairer.
• These committees have significantly contributed to discussions and policies aimed at making elections more transparent, democratic, and free from malpractices. (Option (a) is correct)
• Panchayati Raj reforms in India are typically associated with committees like the Balwant Rai Mehta Committee and Ashok Mehta Committee, which laid the groundwork for strengthening local governance. (Option (b) is incorrect)
• Committees like the Malimath Committee and Law Commission of India have primarily dealt with judicial reforms. These aim at enhancing the judicial process, addressing backlog, and improving the efficiency of the judicial system. (Option (c) is incorrect)
• Police reforms in India have been the focus of committees like the National Police Commission and the Ribeiro Committee. These reforms address issues like police accountability, efficiency, and modernization. (Option (d) is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/sharpen-the-anti-defection-law-strengthen-democracy/article68796858.ece

Solution (b)

Explanation:

• The BioE3 Policy, focusing on Biotechnology for Economy, Environment, and Employment, falls under the Department of Biotechnology, which is part of the Ministry of Science and Technology.
• The policy promotes R&D in biomanufacturing, regenerative bioeconomy, and technology-driven solutions in sectors like agriculture and climate resilience. (Option (b) is correct)
• The BioE3 (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment, and Employment) Policy, led by the Department of Biotechnology under the Ministry of Science and Technology, aims to drive biomanufacturing in India through innovation, R&D, and job creation, supporting initiatives like Net Zero and green growth.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/isro-dbt-ink-deal-to-conduct-biotechnology-experiments-in-space-station/article68797069.ece

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• The National Mission for Manuscripts (NMM) is a part of the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA). The IGNCA, under the Ministry of Culture, is responsible for the preservation, documentation, and dissemination of India’s manuscript heritage through this mission. (Statement 1 is correct)
• The National Mission for Manuscripts falls under the Ministry of Culture, not the Ministry of Education. The Ministry of Culture oversees initiatives related to the preservation and promotion of India’s cultural heritage, including manuscripts. (Statement 2 is incorrect)
• The National Mission for Manuscripts was launched in 2003, not in 2018. It was established with the aim of preserving and digitizing India’s vast and rich manuscript heritage. (Statement 3 is incorrect)
• The Union Ministry of Culture is set to “revive and relaunch” the National Mission for Manuscripts (NMM) and is mulling the formation of an autonomous body to help preserve ancient texts in India.

Source: https://www.namami.gov.in/about-us-0 & https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/government-seeks-to-relaunch-national-manuscript-mission-set-up-autonomous-body/article68795963.ece#:~:text=The%20new%20body%2C%20likely%20to,autonomous%20entity%20under%20the%20Ministry.&text=The%20Union%20Ministry%20of%20Culture,preserve%20ancient%20texts%20in%20India.

Solution (d)

Explanation:

• In Aruna Shanbaug v. Union of India (2011) case, the Supreme Court recognized the possibility of passive euthanasia in India for the first time. The Court allowed for the withdrawal of life support in cases where patients are in a permanent vegetative state, provided it is done under strict guidelines and judicial oversight. This judgment opened discussions around the “right to die with dignity” in India. (Statement 1 is correct)
• Common Cause v. Union of India (2018) case further built on the Aruna Shanbaug judgment by legalizing passive euthanasia and recognizing a person’s right to make an “advance directive” or “living will.” This ruling reinforced the “right to die with dignity” as part of the fundamental right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution. (Statement 2 is correct)
• In Gian Kaur v. State of Punjab (1996) case, the Supreme Court ruled that the “right to life” under Article 21 does not include the “right to die,” thereby upholding the constitutionality of Section 309 of the Indian Penal Code, which criminalized attempted suicide. However, the judgment clarified that the “right to die with dignity” is part of the right to life, laying a foundation for future discussions on euthanasia. (Statement 3 is correct)

Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/experts-explain-how-passive-euthanasia-works-in-india-9639043/