- The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 strain is causing concern in the U.S. and India.
- H5N1 has been around since 1996, leading to the mass killing of birds.
- The virus has spread to 26 mammal species, including cattle, and recent human infections are raising alarms about a possible new pandemic.
- The sudden death of many crows in Alappuzha, Kerala, confirmed to have H5N1, is worrying locals about a potential wider spread.
- In the U.S., it’s affecting cattle, with three dairy farm workers already infected, sparking fears of a wider spread to humans.
- The virus is moving from herd to herd in 12 states in the US. Found in raw milk and milking machines.
- Scientists say it’s not yet adapted to spread easily between people, so the immediate risk is low, but the situation can change quickly.
- People working closely with infected birds or animals without proper protection are at risk.
- Nearly 900 people have been infected with H5N1 globally since 2003, with over half the cases being fatal.
- Response: Mass culling of poultry in affected areas, testing water, bird faeces, and human samples in key zones. People with livestock are advised to wear masks and take antiviral medication like Tamiflu.
Symptoms and Detection
- Similar to flu—respiratory problems, fever, cough, sore throat, and pneumonia. In the U.S., one worker only had conjunctivitis (pink eye).
- Doctors should consider H5N1 in patients with respiratory issues or conjunctivitis who have been around livestock or dead birds. Early detection is key to stopping the spread.
- Precautions: Don’t handle infected birds or animals without protection.
- Watch for symptoms like respiratory issues or pink eye for 10 days after exposure and seek medical help if needed. Use pasteurized milk and thoroughly cook poultry and eggs to avoid infection.
Dig Deeper: What is the ‘Rebuild Kerala’ initiative and concept of ‘One Health’?
