Day 27 Mains Questions – Ace Answer Writing Program

Question 1: “Attitude influences behaviour, and behaviour in turn shapes attitude.” Elaborate on this statement and discuss its implications in the context of public service. (10 Marks, 150 words)

Introduction

Attitude refers to a person’s feelings and beliefs that influence their behavior. Behavior is the way a person acts based on their attitude. In public service, this dynamic significantly affects the quality-of-service delivery and governance.

Body

Influence of Attitude on Behaviour –

1. Motivation and Commitment: A positive attitude towards public service enhances motivation and commitment. Example: An enthusiastic civil servant goes the extra mile to help citizens.
2. Ethical Conduct: An ethical attitude fosters integrity and honesty in actions. Example: An officer with a strong ethical stance refuses bribes.
3. Responsiveness: A proactive attitude leads to prompt and effective responses. Example: Quick disaster relief efforts by dedicated officials.
4. Empathy: An empathetic attitude encourages compassionate behaviour. Example: Social workers providing support to vulnerable groups.
5. Innovation: An innovative attitude drives creative problem-solving. Example: Implementing e-governance solutions to streamline services.

Influence of Behaviour on Attitude –

1. Positive Feedback Loop: Positive behaviors and outcomes reinforce a positive attitude. Example: Successful community programs boost an official’s morale and dedication.
2. Experience and Learning: Direct experiences shape attitudes through learning. Example: Fieldwork in rural areas enhances an officer’s understanding and empathy.
3. Peer Influence: Behaviors influenced by peers can shift attitudes. Example: Collaborative work culture promotes teamwork and collective responsibility.
4. Recognition and Reward: Positive reinforcement through rewards strengthens a constructive attitude. Example: Awards for outstanding public service encourage continued excellence.
5. Public Interaction: Frequent interaction with the public shapes attitudes towards service. Example: Positive public feedback encourages officials to maintain high standards.

Conclusion

The interplay between attitude and behavior is crucial in public service, where a positive attitude can lead to exemplary behavior, and positive behaviors can further reinforce a positive attitude. This dynamic fosters a cycle of continuous improvement and ethical governance, ultimately enhancing public trust and service quality.

Additional Data, Committees, Examples for Value Addition –

1. Second Administrative Reforms Commission: Emphasizes ethical behavior and attitude in public service.
2. UN Public Service Awards: Recognize innovative and ethical public service practices.
3. Behavioral Economics Research: Highlights the role of incentives and feedback in shaping behavior.

Question 2: Examine the factors that contribute to the formation of political attitudes in India. How do these attitudes influence voting behaviour and policy preferences? (10 Marks, 150 words)

Introduction

Political attitudes in India are shaped by a combination of socio-cultural, economic, and institutional factors. These attitudes significantly influence voting behavior and policy preferences, impacting the democratic process and governance.

Body

Factors Contributing to the Formation of Political Attitudes –

1. Family Influence: Political beliefs often originate within the family setting. Example: Children adopting parents’ political ideologies.
2. Education: Education level influences political awareness and ideology. Example: Higher education correlating with liberal views.
3. Media Exposure: Media shapes political opinions through news and commentary. Example: Influence of TV news channels and social media on voter perceptions.
4. Economic Status: Socio-economic background affects political priorities. Example: Lower-income groups focusing on welfare policies.
5. Social Identity: Caste, religion, and regional identity play crucial roles. Example: Caste-based voting patterns in various states.

Influence of Political Attitudes on Voting Behavior and Policy Preferences –

1. Party Loyalty: Strong political attitudes result in consistent party support. Example: Long-term allegiance to regional parties like DMK or Shiv Sena.
2. Issue-Based Voting: Voters prioritize issues that align with their political attitudes. Example: Support for parties advocating economic reforms.
3. Policy Preferences: Political attitudes drive preferences for specific policies. Example: Preference for pro-market or welfare-oriented policies.
4. Electoral Participation: Strong political attitudes increase voter turnout. Example: Higher participation rates in politically active regions.
5. Candidate Evaluation: Attitudes influence perceptions of candidates’ suitability. Example: Voting for candidates who align with one’s political beliefs.

Conclusion

The formation of political attitudes in India is influenced by various socio-cultural and economic factors, significantly impacting voting behavior and policy preferences. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for comprehending electoral outcomes and policy debates, contributing to a more informed and engaged citizenry.

Additional Data, Committees, Examples for Value Addition –

1. Election Commission Reports: Analyze voter behavior and trends.
2. National Sample Survey (NSS): Provides data on socio-economic factors influencing political attitudes.
3. Media Studies: Assess the impact of media on political opinions.

Question 3: Analyse the role of social media in shaping public opinion and attitudes. What ethical considerations should guide the use of social media for persuasion and influence? (10 Marks, 150 words)

Introduction

Social media, encompassing platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, plays a pivotal role in shaping public opinion and attitudes through the rapid dissemination of information and ideas.

Body

Role of Social Media in Shaping Public Opinion and Attitudes –

1. Information Dissemination: Social media spreads news quickly, influencing public perception. Example: Twitter updates during natural disasters.
2. Public Discourse: Platforms facilitate discussions and debates on key issues. Example: Hashtag movements like #MeToo.
3. Political Mobilization: Social media organizes and mobilizes political actions. Example: Campaigns during elections.
4. Agenda Setting: Influences the topics and issues people consider important. Example: Climate change awareness campaigns.
5. Echo Chambers: Creates environments where similar views are amplified, reinforcing existing attitudes. Example: Political groups on Facebook.

Ethical Considerations for the Use of Social Media –

1. Truthfulness: Ensuring the accuracy of shared information to avoid misinformation. Example: Fact-checking before posting.
2. Respect for Privacy: Safeguarding personal data and respecting user privacy. Example: Not sharing private information without consent.
3. Non-Manipulation: Avoiding the manipulation of opinions through deceptive means. Example: Avoiding fake news and clickbait.
4. Transparency: Disclosing sponsorships and affiliations openly. Example: Influencers declaring paid promotions.
5. Accountability: Holding individuals and organizations responsible for their content. Example: Reporting and removing harmful content.

Conclusion

Social media significantly shapes public opinion and attitudes, necessitating ethical use to maintain integrity and trust. Adhering to ethical guidelines ensures that social media remains a positive force for information sharing and public engagement, promoting a well-informed and democratic society.

Additional Data, Committees, Examples for Value Addition –

1. European Union’s Code of Practice on Disinformation: Aims to combat fake news and misinformation on social media.
2. Pew Research Studies: Provide data on social media’s impact on public opinion.
3. Social Media Ethics Guidelines: Developed by various organizations to guide responsible use.
4. Case Studies: Examples like Cambridge Analytica highlight the need for ethical considerations.