Daily Quiz

Solution (b)
Explanation:
• The NCQG is intended to replace the existing $100 billion annual climate finance goal agreed upon in 2009 under the Copenhagen Accord. This new goal is expected to account for the increasing financial requirements of developing countries for mitigation, adaptation, and other climate actions.
• The NCQG maintains the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities (CBDR-RC), as outlined in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Developed countries are primarily responsible for providing financial resources, while developing countries are not obligated to make financial contributions. (Option (b) is incorrect)
• The NCQG focuses on increasing financial flows not just for mitigation and adaptation but also for addressing loss and damage caused by climate change impacts, an issue gaining prominence under the Paris Agreement framework.
• The Paris Agreement recognizes the need to update the collective climate finance goals. The NCQG discussions are part of ongoing negotiations under the Paris Agreement, aiming to address the financial requirements of developing nations to meet their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/cop29-climate-finance-and-its-optical-illusion/article69047742.ece

Solution (d)

Explanation:

• Canada has its own approach to regulating digital platforms for news publishing. In 2023, the Online News Act was passed to compel tech giants like Google and Meta to negotiate deals with Canadian news publishers. (Option (a) is incorrect)
• The UK has focused on regulating digital markets through the Digital Markets Unit (DMU), which seeks to address the dominance of tech giants like Google and Meta. (Option (b) is incorrect)
• Germany has implemented rules under the EU Copyright Directive, focusing on compensating news publishers for content used by digital platforms. (Option (c) is incorrect)
• Australia introduced the News Media Bargaining Code in 2021 to address the imbalance between news publishers and tech platforms like Google and Facebook.
• The code requires digital platforms to negotiate payments with news publishers for using their content. It was enacted to ensure fair compensation for journalism and to support the sustainability of news organizations. (Option (d) is correct)
• As a result of this code, Google and Facebook reached agreements with several Australian news outlets, including major ones like News Corp Australia and The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC).

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-geopolitics-of-platform-publisher-tussles/article69048048.ece

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• The ADM Jabalpur v. Shivkant Shukla (1976) case, also known as the Habeas Corpus case, is infamous for its ruling during the Emergency (1975-77).
• The Supreme Court ruled that during the Emergency, citizens did not have the right to approach the courts for enforcement of fundamental rights, including habeas corpus, if those rights were suspended.
• This judgment is considered a dark chapter in Indian judicial history for its stance on curbing individual freedoms during the Emergency. (Option (a) is correct)
• The Unnikrishnan v. State of Andhra Pradesh (1993) case is where the Supreme Court held that the right to education is implicit in the right to life under Article 21.
• The Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017) case is where the Supreme Court held that the right to privacy is a fundamental right under Article 21.
• The basic structure doctrine was established in the Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) case, which ruled that Parliament cannot amend the Constitution in a manner that destroys its basic structure.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/the-nature-of-dissent-in-the-indian-judiciary/article69047904.ece

Solution (d)

Explanation:

• Ekta Sthal is the memorial for P.V. Narasimha Rao, inaugurated in 2015. The memorial for Jawaharlal Nehru is called Shanti Van, symbolizing peace. (Statement 1 is incorrect)
• The memorial for Lal Bahadur Shastri, India’s second Prime Minister, is named Vijay Ghat, symbolizing his contribution to India’s victory in the 1965 Indo-Pak War. (Statement 2 is incorrect)

• Shakti Sthal is the memorial dedicated to Indira Gandhi, symbolizing her resilience and strength. Lal Bahadur Shastri’s memorial is Vijay Ghat, as noted earlier. (Statement 3 is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/are-former-prime-ministers-mandated-memorials-explained/article69047921.ece

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• The PSLV Orbital Experiment Module (POEM) reuses the spent fourth stage (PS4) of the PSLV rocket as an experimental platform in orbit. It provides a cost-effective solution to conduct scientific experiments without launching a separate satellite. (Statement 1 is correct)
• The POEM is equipped with solar panels to generate power for its onboard instruments and experiments during its operational phase in orbit. (Statement 2 is correct)
• The primary focus of POEM missions is to act as a platform for conducting scientific experiments and technology demonstrations. It does not specifically aim at in-space manufacturing, which is a separate domain of research. (Statement 3 is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/pslv-c60-mission-10-payload-from-non-government-entities-successfully-deployed-of-on-poem-4/article69046002.ece