Daily Quiz

Solution (c)
Explanation:
• The writ of Mandamus compels a public official or government body to perform a duty they are legally bound to perform. It cannot be issued against private individuals or when the duty is discretionary.
• The writ of Certiorari is issued by a higher court to review the decision of a lower court or tribunal, usually when the latter has exceeded its jurisdiction or violated principles of natural justice.
• Habeas Corpus, which translates to “you shall have the body”, is a writ issued to bring a person who has been detained unlawfully before the court. It is issued by a court to order the production of a person who is being detained illegally, ensuring protection of personal liberty. (Option (c) is correct)
• The writ of Prohibition, issued by a higher court to a lower court or tribunal to prevent them from exceeding their jurisdiction or acting contrary to the law.
• Article 32 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to constitutional remedies, allowing citizens to move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of their fundamental rights, including the issuance of writs like Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Certiorari, Prohibition, and Quo Warranto.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-closes-proceedings-against-jaggi-vasudevs-isha-foundation/article68768213.ece

Solution (d)

Explanation:

• Marine algae are simple plants found in water bodies, and while climate change does affect marine life. (Option (a) is incorrect)
• Butterflies belong to the order Lepidoptera, while Aularches miliaris is a grasshopper, part of the Pyrgomorphidae family in the order Orthoptera. (Option (b) is incorrect)
• Freshwater fish are aquatic organisms, while Aularches miliaris is an insect pest affecting crops, particularly in tropical regions like Kerala. (Option (c) is incorrect)
• Aularches miliaris, commonly known as the spotted locust or spotted grasshopper, belongs to the Pyrgomorphidae family. It has recently been causing crop damage in Kerala, posing a threat to agriculture due to its infestation in the region. (Option (d) is correct)
• The recent infestation of Aularches miliaris (spotted locust) in Kerala’s Idukki district highlights the impact of climate change on the region’s farming, where farmers are already dealing with issues such as crop loss due to wild animals and other pests. The grasshopper infestation poses another challenge, threatening the agricultural output.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/agriculture/after-snails-farmers-in-idukki-battling-locust-infestation-experts-say-change-in-climate-pattern-could-be-a-cause/article68769484.ece

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• Artillery strikes involve the physical use of military force, usually through projectiles, and are a traditional kinetic warfare method where physical damage is inflicted on the enemy. It directly involves military action and destruction, making it part of kinetic warfare. (Option (a) is correct)
• Cyber warfare involves attacking or disrupting an enemy’s computer systems and networks to cause damage or disable their military or civilian infrastructure. It is a significant component of modern non-kinetic warfare.
• Information warfare includes the manipulation of information, propaganda, and disinformation to influence the perceptions and decision-making processes of adversaries or the public. This is a non-physical method but highly effective in modern conflicts.
• Psychological operations aim to influence the enemy’s mindset, create confusion, and reduce their morale. These operations do not involve direct military confrontation but use psychological tactics to destabilize the enemy.
• These methods are designed to destabilize or disrupt an opponent without direct physical conflict, often through technology or manipulation of information.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/house-panel-to-study-armed-forces-preparedness-to-deal-with-non-kinetic-warfare/article68769409.ece

Solution (c)

Explanation:

• The Telecommunications Act 2023 has made provisions for assigning spectrum through both auction and administrative processes. The First Schedule of the Act specifically lists 19 categories, including satellite-based services, for which the government can assign spectrum via an administrative process rather than a competitive auction. This has been a topic of debate among major stakeholders in the satellite communications industry.
• The Act allows for the administrative allocation of spectrum for satellite services, which is mentioned in the First Schedule. This decision is aligned with global practices, where satellite spectrum is typically managed through administrative allocation instead of auctions, considering that the spectrum for satellites operates in a global context without strict national borders. (Statement 1 is correct)
• The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) regulates satellite spectrum globally to prevent interference and ensure efficient use of frequency bands across borders. Satellite spectrum operates beyond national borders, making it impractical for individual countries to manage through auctions. As a result, this spectrum is shared and coordinated under the ITU framework, which emphasizes the global nature of satellite communications. (Statement 2 is correct)
• The spectrum allocation debate has seen significant stakeholders like Reliance Jio advocating for auctions, while players like Starlink (Elon Musk) and OneWeb (Sunil Mittal), which are more heavily reliant on satellite-based services, support administrative allocation.

Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/satellite-spectrum-a-high-stakes-game-9627535/

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the pancreas produces little to no insulin. Without insulin, glucose cannot enter cells, and blood sugar levels remain high, leading to complications. Type 1 diabetes usually appears during childhood or adolescence but can develop at any age. (Statement 1 is correct)
• In Type 2 diabetes, the body becomes insulin-resistant, meaning the cells in muscles, fat, and liver do not respond effectively to insulin. This leads to elevated blood glucose levels. Over time, the pancreas may also produce less insulin. Type 2 diabetes is often linked to lifestyle factors such as obesity, lack of physical activity, and poor diet, and it is more common in adults, although it is increasingly seen in younger individuals due to rising obesity rates. (Statement 2 is correct)
• Overdosage of insulin does not lead to an increase in blood glucose levels; instead, it leads to hypoglycemia, a condition where blood glucose levels drop too low. Hypoglycemia can cause symptoms like confusion, shakiness, sweating, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness or seizures. Insulin helps lower blood sugar by allowing glucose to enter the cells, so an excess amount of insulin would reduce glucose levels rather than increase them. (Statement 3 is incorrect)

Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-health/how-smart-insulin-promises-to-revolutionise-diabetes-treatment-9627565/#:~:text=The%20newly%20developed%20insulin%20named,further%20lowering%20of%20blood%20sugar.