Daily Quiz

Solution (d)
Explanation:

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/%E2%80%8Bcoordinated-attacks-on-pakistan-and-the-baloch-conflict/article68573468.ece

Solution (b)

Explanation:

• The Great Indian Bustard is a critically endangered bird species native to the Indian subcontinent. While it is one of the heaviest flying birds, it is not known for the distinctive plumage and long curved beak described in the question. The primary threats to the Great Indian Bustard are habitat loss and hunting. (Option (a) is incorrect)
• The Northern Bald Ibis, also known as the Waldrapp, is a bird species that was virtually hunted to extinction but has been revived through conservation and breeding programs. It is known for its distinctive black plumage and long, curved beak. Historically, this bird was found in North Africa, Europe, and Arabia. (Option (b) is incorrect)
• he California Condor is a large scavenger with a wingspan of up to 3 meters, native to the western United States. It is not the bird described in the question, as it does not have the distinctive plumage and long curved beak of the Northern Bald Ibis. However, like the Northern Bald Ibis, the California Condor has been brought back from the brink of extinction through intensive conservation efforts. (Option (c) is correct)
• The Siberian Crane is a critically endangered species of crane that migrates from Siberia to China and India. It is known for its white plumage and does not have the distinctive plumage and long curved beak described in the question. The primary threats to the Siberian Crane are habitat loss and poaching. (Option (d) is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/northern-bald-ibis-rewilding-conservation-human-led-migration-climate-change/article68571742.ece

Solution (d)

Explanation:

• The bowels, particularly the stomach and intestines, are involved in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. They do produce certain hormones related to appetite, such as ghrelin (which increases appetite) from the stomach and peptide YY (which increases satiety) from the intestines. However, the primary regulation of appetite and satiety through hormone production is coordinated by the brain. (Option (a) is incorrect)
• The lungs are primarily responsible for gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) and do not produce hormones related to appetite or satiety. The lungs do produce hormones like angiotensin II, which regulates blood pressure, but this is unrelated to appetite control. (Option (b) is incorrect)
• The kidneys produce hormones such as erythropoietin (which stimulates red blood cell production) and renin (which regulates blood pressure). (Option (c) is incorrect)
• The hypothalamus, a small part of the brain, produces two kinds of hormones: orexigenic hormones increase appetite and anorexigenic hormones lower appetite and increase satiety. (Option (d) is correct)
• Hormones are molecules produced in one part of the body that exert their effects on a different and often distant part. The orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones are produced in the hypothalamus and show their effects on other parts of the brain and in the gut.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/vinesh-phogat-versus-the-perplexing-biochemistry-of-losing-weight/article68568991.ece#:~:text=Losing%20weight%20rapidly&text=According%20to%20Dr.%20Kiruba%2C%20%E2%80%9C,the%20night%20before%20her%20weighing.

Solution (d)

Explanation:

• According to the WHO definition, a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) involves an extraordinary event that is serious, sudden, unusual, or unexpected. This criterion emphasizes the urgent nature of such public health events. (Statement 1 is correct)
• A PHEIC carries implications for public health beyond the affected State’s national border, indicating that the situation could potentially spread to other countries or regions, necessitating a coordinated international response. (Statement 2 is correct)
• A PHEIC may require immediate international action, highlighting the need for a coordinated global response to mitigate the spread and impact of the public health threat. (Statement 3 is correct)
• A Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) is a formal declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO) under the International Health Regulations (2005). It is a situation that is extraordinary and poses a public health risk to other countries through the international spread of disease. The declaration of a PHEIC can lead to a coordinated international response to manage the situation and prevent further spread.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/advancing-equity-from-covid-19-to-mpox/article68573895.ece

Solution (b)

Explanation:

• Fixed-dose combination (FDC) drugs are pharmaceutical products that contain two or more active ingredients combined in a single dosage form. These ingredients may work synergistically to enhance the therapeutic effect, target multiple pathways, or reduce side effects. FDCs are commonly used in the treatment of conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. (Statement 1 is correct)
• One of the main advantages of FDC drugs is that they reduce the pill burden on patients by combining multiple medications into a single pill. This can improve patient compliance, particularly for chronic conditions where patients may need to take multiple medications daily. (Statement 2 is correct)
• While FDCs are designed to treat specific conditions, they are not always “perfect” combinations. There can be concerns regarding the appropriateness of combining certain drugs, potential drug-drug interactions, and the risk of overuse or misuse of such combinations. The effectiveness and safety of FDCs depend on the combination of drugs used and how they interact with each other. Therefore, they may not always target only the intended conditions and could potentially affect other physiological processes. (Statement 3 is incorrect)

Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-health/govt-ban-fdc-drugs-cheston-cold-foracet-health-ministry-fever-allergies-aches-9536556/#:~:text=FDCs%20are%20medicines%20that%20have,to%20take%20multiple%20medicines%20regularly.