Daily Quiz

Solution (b)
Explanation:
• The World Health Organization focuses on global health issues and releases reports like the World Health Report, but it does not specifically release the Children’s Climate Risk Index. WHO releases reports on global health statistics and disease-specific guidelines. (Option (a) is incorrect)
• The Children’s Climate Risk Index (CCRI) is released by UNICEF. It assesses the climate risks faced by children worldwide, considering factors such as exposure to climate and environmental hazards, shocks, and stresses. The CCRI highlights the impact of climate change on children’s health, education, and protection. (Option (b) is correct)
• While UNEP deals with environmental issues and releases various reports on climate and environmental health, it does not specifically release the CCRI. UNEP releases the Emissions Gap Report and Global Environment Outlook. (Option (c) is incorrect)
• The International Labour Organization focuses on labor issues, workplace conditions, and social protection policies. It does not release reports specifically focused on children’s climate risks. ILO releases the World Employment and Social Outlook report and studies on child labor. (Option (d) is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/heatwaves-are-evaporating-the-right-to-play/article68411373.ece#:~:text=These%20extreme%20conditions%20not%20only,temperatures%20compared%20to%20other%20regions.

Solution (c)

Explanation:

• UNESCO focuses on educational, scientific, and cultural issues globally and promotes international collaboration in these fields. While it addresses ethical issues in science, it did not specifically release the nine principles for neurotechnologies. (Option (a) is incorrect)
• WHO is focused on global public health issues and provides guidelines on medical practices, health standards, and disease control. Although WHO addresses the ethical aspects of health technologies, it did not release the nine principles for neurotechnologies. (Option (b) is incorrect)
• The OECD recommended nine principles to ensure the ethical development and use of neurotechnologies based on the concept of responsible innovation in 2019. These principles are aimed at fostering innovation while ensuring ethical considerations in the development and application of neurotechnologies. (Option (c) is correct)
• The EU addresses various ethical and regulatory issues within its member states, including the development and use of new technologies. However, it did not specifically release the nine principles for neurotechnologie. (Option (d) is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/as-thoughts-become-digitised-who-will-protect-our-neurorights-explained/article68409006.ece

Solution (d)

Explanation:

• Genetic engineering and biotechnology focus on the manipulation of genetic material and the development of biological technologies, which is not directly related to the terms mentioned. CRISPR technology for gene editing is a key topic in genetic engineering. (Option (a) is incorrect)
• Climate change and environmental science deal with the study of the Earth’s climate, ecosystems, and the impact of human activities on the environment, which do not pertain to the terms mentioned. (Option (b) is incorrect)
• Artificial intelligence and robotics involve the development of smart machines and algorithms, which is unrelated to the context of the terms ‘Ryugu’, ‘Hayabusa’, and ‘LUCA’. (Option (c) is incorrect)
• The terms ‘Ryugu’, ‘Hayabusa’ and ‘LUCA’ are associated with space exploration and astrobiology. Ryugu is an asteroid, Hayabusa is a Japanese space mission to Ryugu, and LUCA refers to the last universal common ancestor, a concept related to the origins of life and astrobiology. (Option (d) is correct)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/searching-for-luca-the-first-life-form-from-which-all-other-life-descended/article68409763.ece

Solution (c)

Explanation:

• The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, includes provisions that allow for children aged 16-18 years to be tried as adults for heinous crimes, depending on the severity and nature of the crime. A Juvenile Justice Board can decide to transfer the case to a children’s court. (Statement 1 is correct)
• The Act requires that every district in India has a Juvenile Justice Board (JJB) and a Child Welfare Committee (CWC) to ensure the proper care, protection, and rehabilitation of children in need. JJBs and CWCs are responsible for the legal proceedings and welfare of juveniles. (Statement 2 is correct)
• The Juvenile Justice Act includes provisions for the adoption of children through CARA, which oversees and regulates adoptions to ensure transparency and accountability. (Statement 3 is correct)
• CARA’s centralized system ensures that adoptions are processed in a regulated and efficient manner.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/trying-juveniles-as-adults-is-not-the-answer/article68410147.ece#:~:text=Being%20tried%20as%20an%20adult&text=The%20JJ%20Act%2C%20amended%20in,the%20adult%20criminal%20justice%20system.

Solution (b)

Explanation:

• The Chandipura Virus (CHPV) is transmitted by several species of sandflies such as Phlebotomine sandflies and Phlebotomus papatasi, as well as some mosquito species including Aedes aegypti, which is also a vector for dengue. CHPV residing in the salivary glands of these insects can be transmitted to humans through bites. (Statement 1 is correct)
• The infection has largely been reported to affect children below 15 years, showing higher susceptibility among this age group. Historical outbreaks have shown a higher incidence rate among children. (Statement 2 is correct)
• Currently, there is no specific antiviral therapy or vaccine available for the treatment of CHPV infection. Management is symptomatic, focusing on controlling brain inflammation to prevent mortality. Treatment primarily involves symptomatic management as rapid disease progression poses a challenge. (Statement 3 is incorrect)

Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-health/chandipura-virus-infection-chpv-9457349/