Daily Quiz

Solution (c)
Explanation:
• WPV1 remains endemic only in Afghanistan and Pakistan. These are the only two countries where the virus continues to be transmitted naturally, despite extensive eradication efforts. (Option (a) is correct)
• The bivalent OPV (bOPV) contains attenuated versions of poliovirus types 1 and 3. It does not contain type 2 since wild poliovirus type 2 was declared eradicated in 2015. (Option (b) is correct)
• The GPEI has successfully reduced the number of wild poliovirus cases by more than 99.99% since its inception in 1988. While WPV1 remains endemic in Afghanistan and Pakistan, the overall global incidence has drastically declined due to GPEI’s efforts. (Option (c) is incorrect)
• Africa was declared free of indigenous wild poliovirus in August 2020, marking a significant milestone in the global eradication efforts. The last clinically confirmed WPV case in the African region was reported in Malawi in 1992. (Option (d) is correct)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/grave-concern-on-wild-type-poliovirus-type-1-cases-in-pakistan-afghanistan/article68367144.ece#:~:text=The%20ambitious%20goal%20of%20eradicating,of%20a%20resurgence%20since%202023.

Solution (d)

Explanation:

• India, along with France, initiated the International Solar Alliance (ISA) in 2015. The ISA aims to promote solar energy deployment and address energy needs by harnessing solar power. It serves as a collaborative platform for solar-rich countries. (Option (a) is correct)
• India launched the Coalition for Disaster Resilience Infrastructure (CDRI) in 2019. The CDRI focuses on promoting the resilience of infrastructure systems to climate and disaster risks, ensuring sustainable development. (Option (b) is correct)
• India is a founding member of the Global Biofuels Alliance, launched in 2023. The alliance aims to promote the adoption of biofuels, support innovation and technology development, and address challenges related to biofuel production and use. (Option (c) is correct)
• The International Climate Initiative (IKI) was established by Germany in 2008. It focuses on funding climate and biodiversity projects worldwide. It is not an initiative founded by India. The IKI supports a wide range of activities, including policy development, capacity building, and technology transfer to address climate change and promote sustainability. (Option (d) is incorrect)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-shape-of-a-five-year-climate-agenda-for-india/article68367705.ece#:~:text=In%20the%20next%20five%20years,climate%20leadership%20with%20economic%20prowess.

Solution (a)

Explanation:

• Sodium is a crucial electrolyte for nerve function and muscle contraction and is significantly lost through sweat. Sodium helps maintain fluid balance in the body and supports cellular function.
• Replenishment is essential during intense physical activity to prevent dehydration and muscle cramps. Common sources of sodium include table salt, sports drinks, and electrolyte supplements. (Option (a) is correct)
• Calcium is vital for bone health and plays a role in muscle function and nerve signalling. However, it is not typically lost in significant amounts through sweat. It is primarily replenished through dietary sources like dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified foods. (Option (b) is incorrect)
• Potassium is important for maintaining proper cell function, nerve signalling, and muscle contraction. It is lost through sweat and needs to be replenished during physical activity, especially for endurance athletes. However, while potassium is important, the question emphasizes an electrolyte that is critical for fluid balance and more urgently lost through sweat, which is sodium. Potassium-rich foods include bananas, oranges, and potatoes. (Option (c) is incorrect)
• Magnesium is important for muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and bone health. While it can be lost through sweat, it is not as critical as sodium for immediate replenishment during physical activity. Magnesium-rich foods include nuts, seeds, whole grains, and green leafy vegetables. (Option (d) is incorrect)

Source: https://epaper.thehindu.com/ccidist-ws/th/th_delhi/issues/89490/OPS/GMDD10017.1.png?cropFromPage=true

Solution (c)

Explanation:

• The Gheranda Samhita is one of the classical texts of Hatha Yoga and provides a detailed description of 32 yoga asanas. It is a comprehensive manual on yoga practices, including asanas, pranayama, and other techniques for physical and mental well-being. (Statement 1 is correct)
• The Vasistha Samhita is another important text that mentions yoga practices, including 10 specific asanas. It emphasizes the spiritual and physical benefits of yoga and is considered a valuable resource for understanding traditional yoga practices. (Statement 2 is correct)
• The Hatha Ratnavali is an ancient text that lists 84 yoga asanas. It is known for its extensive coverage of asanas and provides detailed instructions for their practice. This text is highly regarded in the Hatha Yoga tradition. (Statement 3 is correct)
• Other important texts related to Yoga –
  • Hatha Yoga Pradipika: This is one of the most well-known classical texts on Hatha Yoga, authored by Swatmarama. It describes 15 asanas and other practices like pranayama, mudras, and bandhas.
  • Tirumantiram: An ancient Tamil text by Tirumular, detailing 126 asanas among other yogic practices.
  • Yoga Yajnavalkya: This text includes 8 asanas and discusses various aspects of yoga, including breath control and meditation.

Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/genuine-yoga-does-not-have-space-for-competition-9433673/

Solution (b)

Explanation:

• The capital of Myanmar is Naypyidaw, not Yangon. Yangon (formerly Rangoon) was the capital until 2006 when the government relocated the capital to Naypyidaw. (Statement 1 is incorrect)
• The Arakan Yoma (also known as Rakhine Yoma) mountain range runs north to south along the western coast of Myanmar and acts as a barrier to the southwest monsoon winds, causing heavy rainfall on its western slopes and creating a rain shadow effect on its eastern side. (Statement 2 is correct)
• The Coco Islands are located in the Andaman Sea and are part of Myanmar’s southern region. These islands are situated to the north of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. (Statement 3 is correct)

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/podcast/should-india-review-its-myanmar-policy-in-view-of-the-humanitarian-crisis-the-hindu-parley-podcast/article68368076.ece